French military leader and heroine. Inspired and directed by religious visions, she organized the French resistance that forced the English to end their siege of Orléans (1429). The same year she led an army of 12,000 to Rheims and had the dauphin crowned Charles VII. Captured and sold to the English by the Burgundians (1430), she was later tried for heresy and sorcery and was burned at the stake in Rouen. She was canonized in 1920.
圣女貞德(1412年1月6日-1431年5月30日),被稱為「奧爾良的少女」,是法國的民族英雄、軍事家,天主教會(huì)的圣女,法國人心中的自由女神。英法百年戰(zhàn)爭(1337年-1453年)時(shí)她帶領(lǐng)法國軍隊(duì)對(duì)抗英軍的入侵,支持法查理七世加冕,為法國勝利做出貢獻(xiàn)。終被俘,被宗教裁判所以異端和女巫罪判處她火刑。
拿破侖對(duì)貞德有著很高評(píng)價(jià),認(rèn)為是法國的救世主。貞德死后,法國的民族主義高漲,出現(xiàn)了很多關(guān)于貞德的史料編寫和研究,法國愛國主義運(yùn)動(dòng)以她的偉大形象進(jìn)行廣泛宣傳。 并有大堆作家和作曲家歌頌她,包括莎士比亞、伏爾泰、席勒、威爾第、柴科夫斯基、吐溫、蕭伯納和布萊希特都創(chuàng)作了有關(guān)她的作品,而大量以她為題材的電影、戲劇、和音樂也一直持續(xù)發(fā)展直到今天。